Yiingim (’iiŋìm) (NP: Comparatives)
Yiingim (’iiŋìm) (NP: Comparatives)
I'm calling it an "octoberlang" because I'm trying not to scrap it until at least November 1. This thread will be kind of a scratchpad, because the lang isn't finished, and things are likely to change in the future.
Table of Contents/index/navigation
Word Order
Nouns
Script
Verbs
Other Orthography
Demonstratives and Pronouns
Lexicon
Phonology
The phonemic inventory of ’iiƞìm is very small, consisting of seven consonants and three vowels.
/p t k ʔ/ <p t k ’>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ŋ>
/i u a/ <i u a>
It also has three tones: high, mid, and low. High tone is marked with an acute accent, low tone is marked with a grave accent, and mid tone is unmarked.
Syllable structure is (C)V(C). Any consonant can begin or end a syllable. If /ʔ/ is in the coda, another /ʔ/ cannot be the onset of the following syllable.
Allophony
Because of having such a small number of phonemes, ’iiƞìm has very noticable allophony.
Between vowels, /p t k/ become [β ɾ ɣ].
After a nasal, /p t k/ become .
After a pause, /m n ŋ/ become .
Next to /i/ in the same syllable, /k ŋ/ become [c ɲ]. Between two vowels, if the second one is /i/, /k/ becomes [ʝ]
Vowels are nasalized before nasals.
In closed syllables, /i u a/ become [ɪ ʊ ɐ]
Next to /i/, /a/ becomes [e].
Next to /u/, /a/ becomes [o].
If two non-identical high vowels are in the same syllable, the first one becomes a semivowel.
Two identical vowels next to each other become a long vowel.
Two identical consonants next to each other become a geminated consonant.
When /i u/ become semivowels, their tone is moved onto the other vowel in the same syllable. For example, ƞáánaù /ŋa˥.a˥.na˧.u˩/ is really pronounced [gãː˥.now˧˩].
[hr][/hr]
That's it for now, stay tuned, I guess.
Table of Contents/index/navigation
Word Order
Nouns
Script
Verbs
Other Orthography
Demonstratives and Pronouns
Lexicon
Phonology
The phonemic inventory of ’iiƞìm is very small, consisting of seven consonants and three vowels.
/p t k ʔ/ <p t k ’>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ŋ>
/i u a/ <i u a>
It also has three tones: high, mid, and low. High tone is marked with an acute accent, low tone is marked with a grave accent, and mid tone is unmarked.
Syllable structure is (C)V(C). Any consonant can begin or end a syllable. If /ʔ/ is in the coda, another /ʔ/ cannot be the onset of the following syllable.
Allophony
Because of having such a small number of phonemes, ’iiƞìm has very noticable allophony.
Between vowels, /p t k/ become [β ɾ ɣ].
After a nasal, /p t k/ become .
After a pause, /m n ŋ/ become .
Next to /i/ in the same syllable, /k ŋ/ become [c ɲ]. Between two vowels, if the second one is /i/, /k/ becomes [ʝ]
Vowels are nasalized before nasals.
In closed syllables, /i u a/ become [ɪ ʊ ɐ]
Next to /i/, /a/ becomes [e].
Next to /u/, /a/ becomes [o].
If two non-identical high vowels are in the same syllable, the first one becomes a semivowel.
Two identical vowels next to each other become a long vowel.
Two identical consonants next to each other become a geminated consonant.
When /i u/ become semivowels, their tone is moved onto the other vowel in the same syllable. For example, ƞáánaù /ŋa˥.a˥.na˧.u˩/ is really pronounced [gãː˥.now˧˩].
[hr][/hr]
That's it for now, stay tuned, I guess.
Last edited by Dezinaa on 06 Feb 2015 15:39, edited 5 times in total.
- DesEsseintes
- mongolian
- Posts: 4331
- Joined: 31 Mar 2013 13:16
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
I like the tiny inventory and the allophony!
Do nasals assimilate in PoA to a following stop?
What happens to /nki/? [nɟi]? [ŋɟi]? [ɲɟi]?
Do nasals assimilate in PoA to a following stop?
What happens to /nki/? [nɟi]? [ŋɟi]? [ɲɟi]?
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Thanks!DesEsseintes wrote:I like the tiny inventory and the allophony!
Nope.DesEsseintes wrote:Do nasals assimilate in PoA to a following stop?
It would be [nɟi].DesEsseintes wrote:What happens to /nki/? [nɟi]? [ŋɟi]? [ɲɟi]?
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
so far, so good.
so, is the onset-ʔ replaced by something else, or does its whole syllable (or word) have to be substituted by something else? (a kenning?)Dezinaa wrote:I'm calling it an "octoberlang" because I'm trying not to scrap it until at least November 1. This thread will be kind of a scratchpad, because the lang isn't finished, and things are likely to change in the future.
It also has three tones: high, mid, and low. High tone is marked with an acute accent, low tone is marked with a grave accent, and mid tone is unmarked.
Syllable structure is (C)V(C). Any consonant can begin or end a syllable. If /ʔ/ is in the coda, another /ʔ/ cannot be the onset of the following syllable.
At work on Apaan: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4799
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Thanks!Keenir wrote:so far, so good.
The first /ʔ/ is removed, making it an open syllable.Keenir wrote:so, is the onset-ʔ replaced by something else, or does its whole syllable (or word) have to be substituted by something else? (a kenning?)Dezinaa wrote:I'm calling it an "octoberlang" because I'm trying not to scrap it until at least November 1. This thread will be kind of a scratchpad, because the lang isn't finished, and things are likely to change in the future.
It also has three tones: high, mid, and low. High tone is marked with an acute accent, low tone is marked with a grave accent, and mid tone is unmarked.
Syllable structure is (C)V(C). Any consonant can begin or end a syllable. If /ʔ/ is in the coda, another /ʔ/ cannot be the onset of the following syllable.
By the way, I'm hesitant to post about grammar yet, because it's kind of boring. I'm looking (mainly on Wikipedia) for more interesting ways of doing things.
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
So, I have a question on pronunciation of the allophones.
How do you pronounce ɣ, I'm still new to IPA.
Also the small inventory reminds me of the beauty you can find in similar languages like Hawaiian.
Can't wait to learn more about the grammar.
How do you pronounce ɣ, I'm still new to IPA.
Also the small inventory reminds me of the beauty you can find in similar languages like Hawaiian.
Can't wait to learn more about the grammar.
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
/ɣ/ is the symbol for a voiced velar fricative. So basically you place the back of your tongue on your soft palate "velum" where /k/ and /g/ are make it a fricative consonant. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricativemisora wrote: How do you pronounce ɣ, I'm still new to IPA.
Nimitzitta!
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Basically what other people have been saying: I like everything so far, especially the allophony. I can't wait to see more!
The user formerly known as "shimobaatar".
(she)
(she)
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Boring? a tonal language with this number of consonants...I can't picture it being boring. {seriously - I can believe that some parts might be more average than the highly distinctive opening premise...but that's not the same as boring, imho)Dezinaa wrote:By the way, I'm hesitant to post about grammar yet, because it's kind of boring. I'm looking (mainly on Wikipedia) for more interesting ways of doing things.
(heck, you helped inspire my own Octoberlang, if I may say so, and if it lasts that long)
At work on Apaan: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4799
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Thanks!shimobaatar wrote:Basically what other people have been saying: I like everything so far, especially the allophony. I can't wait to see more!
Thanks! And good luck with your octoberlang. Also, I am slowly coming up with grammar ideas, so I'll try to make the next post in the next few days.Keenir wrote:Boring? a tonal language with this number of consonants...I can't picture it being boring. {seriously - I can believe that some parts might be more average than the highly distinctive opening premise...but that's not the same as boring, imho)Dezinaa wrote:By the way, I'm hesitant to post about grammar yet, because it's kind of boring. I'm looking (mainly on Wikipedia) for more interesting ways of doing things.
(heck, you helped inspire my own Octoberlang, if I may say so, and if it lasts that long)
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
About time for the next post. It's only been 1 1/2 weeks since the first one.
Word Order
The basic word order of ’iiŋìm is agent-patient-verb-oblique (SOV). Technically, it's ergative-absolutive-verb-oblique, since it is an erg-abs conlang.
To demonstrate, here is a sentence with one argument:
Màppá.
màp-pá
sleep-1SG.ABS
I sleep.
Paànmúim ƞá’ka uiìkpi’a’ manàpàì.
paànmú-im ƞá’ka uiìkpi’-a’ manàp-àì
house-ERG angry cupcake-ABS throw-3SG.ERG
The angry house throws a cupcake.
As you can see, the verb is only marked for the agent, even though it is an erg-abs language.
Coming up next: Nouns!
Word Order
The basic word order of ’iiŋìm is agent-patient-verb-oblique (SOV). Technically, it's ergative-absolutive-verb-oblique, since it is an erg-abs conlang.
To demonstrate, here is a sentence with one argument:
màp-pá
sleep-1SG.ABS
I sleep.
Edit: This would now be:
Àn màp.
1SG.ABS sleep
Here is a sentence with two arguments:Àn màp.
1SG.ABS sleep
paànmú-im ƞá’ka uiìkpi’-a’ manàp-àì
house-ERG angry cupcake-ABS throw-3SG.ERG
The angry house throws a cupcake.
Edit: This would now be:
Paànmúim ŋá’ka uiìkpi’ manàpàì.
paànmú-im ŋá’ka uiìkpi’ manàp-àì.
house-ERG angry cupcake.ABS throw-3SG.ERG
Paànmúim ŋá’ka uiìkpi’ manàpàì.
paànmú-im ŋá’ka uiìkpi’ manàp-àì.
house-ERG angry cupcake.ABS throw-3SG.ERG
Coming up next: Nouns!
Last edited by Dezinaa on 29 Dec 2014 20:18, edited 2 times in total.
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Even though October is over, I didn't want to get rid of this lang.
Nouns
There are five cases in ’iiƞìm: absolutive, ergative, genitive, dative, and locative. Ergative and dative use suffixes, and genitive and locative use postpositional clitics. Absolutive is unmarked.
Here is the declension of nakpú, 'whale'.
Notice that for the genitive case, the possessor is not what is marked. For example, nakpú paànmú=nu means "the whale's house", not "the house's whale".
Nouns do not have number. However, as long as whatever would normally have number is in the ergative case, the verb would get rid of ambiguity.
Also, -a’ used to be used for ABS, but now ABS is unmarked and -a’ is used for DAT.
Next: Verbs, the best part!
Nouns
There are five cases in ’iiƞìm: absolutive, ergative, genitive, dative, and locative. Ergative and dative use suffixes, and genitive and locative use postpositional clitics. Absolutive is unmarked.
Here is the declension of nakpú, 'whale'.
Code: Select all
ABS nakpú
ERG nakpú-im
GEN nakpú ___=nu
DAT nakpú-a’
LOC nakpú=’ai
Nouns do not have number. However, as long as whatever would normally have number is in the ergative case, the verb would get rid of ambiguity.
Also, -a’ used to be used for ABS, but now ABS is unmarked and -a’ is used for DAT.
Next: Verbs, the best part!
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
This is probably a dumb question, but the = isn't in the regular orthography, is it? I assume it's just there for the example to tell us that nu is a clitic.Dezinaa wrote:nakpú paànmú=nu means "the whale's house"
The user formerly known as "shimobaatar".
(she)
(she)
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Not a dumb question, but yes. It's only for the example.shimobaatar wrote:This is probably a dumb question, but the = isn't in the regular orthography, is it? I assume it's just there for the example to tell us that nu is a clitic.Dezinaa wrote:nakpú paànmú=nu means "the whale's house"
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
I said the next post would be about verbs, but I made it about the script instead.
Script
The script is somewhat featural. I think it might be an abugida, or a syllabic alphabet. Each character represents one phonemic syllable. The writing direction is left to right and top to bottom.
Syllable blocks can be separated into three parts. The top is for optional consonant onsets. The middle is for vowels, and the bottom for optional coda consonants. High tone is marked with a dot above the character, and low tone with a dot below.
These are the basic "letters" of the script:
They represent the phonemes in this order:
/m n ŋ/
/p t k ʔ/
/i a u/
The script has one punctuation mark, which looks like a dotless i <ı> or an iota <ι>. It is used to separate words. To of them in a row can be used for a pause in speech, such as at the end of a sentance.
Complete words do not have to be on a single line. They can be separated onto the next line. When affixes are placed on words, the root word is not written differently, even if the affix changes the syllable structure of the word.
Here is a short example text:
<i,nam.ti.am,,ạn,tu̇.am,,i,ạn.ma.am,,nạ.ȧ,tu̇.iƞ.mi,,>
Í namtíam. Àn túam. Í ànmaam. Nàá túíƞmí?
[ĩ˥ nɐ̃mdjẽm˥˧ | ɐ̃n˩ dwõm˥˧ | jẽn˥˩mãːm | daː˩˥ ɾwɪ̃ŋ˥mi˥]
2SG.ABS greet-1SG.ERG | 1SG.ABS be-1SG.ERG | 2SG.ABS see-1SG.ERG | who be-2SG.ERG
Hello. I am me. I see you. Who are you?
Script
The script is somewhat featural. I think it might be an abugida, or a syllabic alphabet. Each character represents one phonemic syllable. The writing direction is left to right and top to bottom.
Syllable blocks can be separated into three parts. The top is for optional consonant onsets. The middle is for vowels, and the bottom for optional coda consonants. High tone is marked with a dot above the character, and low tone with a dot below.
These are the basic "letters" of the script:
They represent the phonemes in this order:
/m n ŋ/
/p t k ʔ/
/i a u/
The script has one punctuation mark, which looks like a dotless i <ı> or an iota <ι>. It is used to separate words. To of them in a row can be used for a pause in speech, such as at the end of a sentance.
Complete words do not have to be on a single line. They can be separated onto the next line. When affixes are placed on words, the root word is not written differently, even if the affix changes the syllable structure of the word.
Here is a short example text:
<i,nam.ti.am,,ạn,tu̇.am,,i,ạn.ma.am,,nạ.ȧ,tu̇.iƞ.mi,,>
Í namtíam. Àn túam. Í ànmaam. Nàá túíƞmí?
[ĩ˥ nɐ̃mdjẽm˥˧ | ɐ̃n˩ dwõm˥˧ | jẽn˥˩mãːm | daː˩˥ ɾwɪ̃ŋ˥mi˥]
2SG.ABS greet-1SG.ERG | 1SG.ABS be-1SG.ERG | 2SG.ABS see-1SG.ERG | who be-2SG.ERG
Hello. I am me. I see you. Who are you?
Last edited by Dezinaa on 18 Nov 2014 21:03, edited 3 times in total.
- DesEsseintes
- mongolian
- Posts: 4331
- Joined: 31 Mar 2013 13:16
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
I just read the OP again, and I like ’iiƞìm a lot.
I'm looking forward to those verbs you promised.
I'm looking forward to those verbs you promised.
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- cuneiform
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Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Perhaps a still far-off ancestor of that all nasal articulated conlang I saw a while back.
Majorly cool, to say the least, though.
Majorly cool, to say the least, though.
Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Thank you. And maybe you are referring to Mhmmz? Those would be some interesting sound changes.Incorruptus wrote:Perhaps a still far-off ancestor of that all nasal articulated conlang I saw a while back.
Majorly cool, to say the least, though.
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Re: ’iiƞìm (Dezinaa's octoberlang)
Well, over TIME. I'm intrigued. Hop to it!Dezinaa wrote:Thank you. And maybe you are referring to Mhmmz? Those would be some interesting sound changes.Incorruptus wrote:Perhaps a still far-off ancestor of that all nasal articulated conlang I saw a while back.
Majorly cool, to say the least, though.